Di Loreto, Christina, Shaulnie N. Mohan BS, Sondra S. Crosby MD, Jeffrey H. Spiegel MD. The Laryngoscope. Volume 119, Issue Supplement S1, page S38, 2009
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To increase awareness of torture among otolaryngologists, and to describe methods and complications of head and neck torture.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review.
METHODS: Five cases of survivors of torture were evaluated in an otolaryngology practice in an urban hospital setting.
RESULTS: The subjects presented with widely variable symptoms and physical manifestations related to the head and neck as a result of torture, in addition to psychiatric disease. Documentation of head and neck findings were essential to the asylum claim.
CONCLUSIONS: Otolaryngologists serving immigrant and refugee populations must be familiar with methods and manifestations of torture involving the head and neck.
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http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1002/lary.20363?locale=en
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